Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Shades of NKorea's founder in its young new leader (AP)

SEOUL, South Korea ? The resemblance is striking: the full cheeks and quick smile, the confident gait, the habit of gesturing with both hands when he speaks.

North Korea's young new leader, Kim Jong Un, appears to be fashioning himself as the reincarnation of Kim Il Sung, his grandfather and the nation's founder, as he seeks to solidify his hold on the nation of 24 million in the wake of his father's death last month.

Unlike Kim Jong Il, who sequestered himself for three years of mourning before formally taking up the mantle of leadership, Kim Jong Un is moving swiftly to demonstrate a decisiveness perhaps aimed at dispelling concerns about his ability to rule. He is only in his late 20s and made his public debut as his father's anointed successor just 15 months ago, far less time than the 20 years Kim Jong Il had to prepare to lead.

With the world watching, Kim Jong Un has tread confidently down the "red silk carpet" laid before him by his father, as one analyst put it, using family tradition as his guideposts. Kim Il Sung has served as his main muse as he seeks to consolidate power and loyalty.

"The image of a young smiling Kim Il Sung is deeply engraved in North Korean people's minds. It is the image of a young general who liberated the nation from Japan's imperial rule," said Ahn Chan-il, a political scientist at the World Institute for North Korea Studies in South Korea who was born in North Korea. "Kim Jong Un is borrowing from that. Kim Il Sung is resurrected in the looks and behavior of Kim Jong Un."

Two years ago, the world knew so little about the young man that even the South Korean government was spelling his name wrong. Here's a look at what we know now.

___

THE BLOODLINE

Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il were characterized in North Korea as having a divine right to rule, and Kim Jong Un is leaning on this legacy as he shores up support for a third generation of Kim leadership.

Kim Il Sung founded the country in 1948, three years after Korea was divided into the Soviet-backed north and the U.S.-allied south. When he died in 1994, Kim Jong Il took over in what was the first hereditary succession in the communist world.

"His power comes from the bloodline," said Kim Gwang-in, head of research at the North Korea Strategy Center in Seoul.

Plans for Kim Jong Un to succeed his father were laid out after Kim Jong Il suffered a stroke in 2008. As recently as October, Kim Jong Il issued an order to elevate his son to supreme commander of the Korean People's Army, the Korean Central News Agency reported late last month.

"Kim Jong Il laid a red silk carpet, and Kim Jong Un only needs to walk on it," said Jeung Young-tae of the Korea Institute for National Unification in Seoul.

The most important holidays in North Korea are the birthdays of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, and it's likely that Kim Jong Un's birthday will become a national holiday as well. Exactly when he was born has never been revealed, but it's widely believed that he will celebrate a birthday on Sunday.

In recent days, North Korea's state broadcaster has aired tributes and odes to Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, as well as the first documentary footage of Kim Jong Un and a tune composed to prepare for his leadership: "Footsteps."

___

THE LOOK

Kim Jong Un's resemblance to his grandfather is uncanny ? and probably strategic.

He is in his late 20s, undeniably young for the leader of a nation. But Kim Il Sung was just a few years older when he emerged in 1945 to lead the North after Japan's World War II defeat ended its colonial rule of Korea.

"When Kim Jong Un smiles, that reminds me exactly of a 33-year-old Kim Il Sung," Ahn said.

Photos of Kim Il Sung hanging on the walls of the Workers' Party Foundation Museum in Pyongyang, spotted during an October visit by The Associated Press, show a dapper young man with a startling similarity to Kim Jong Un. Even their hairlines are trimmed identically.

The grandson walks, shoulders thrown back, and gestures with both hands like his grandfather.

Last year, Kim Jong Un appeared in a light gray parka like the one his father famously wore. And during the mourning period, Kim Jong Un donned a dark Mao-style suit like the one his father wore when Kim Il Sung died in 1994.

However, since then, Kim Jong Un has traded the parka for a dark, double-breasted winter overcoat ? much like the jackets his grandfather favored.

___

THE CEREMONIES

Solemn and somber in mourning, Kim Jong Un followed the routine set by his father at Kim Il Sung's 1994 funeral. He bowed at three sides of his father's glass-encased casket at Kumsusan Memorial Palace, just as his father did 17 years earlier.

For the funeral, officials dusted off one of Kim Il Sung's Lincoln Continentals for the procession through the snowy streets of Pyongyang. Just as in 1994, mourners lined the street wailing.

But Kim Jong Un played an even more public role in the procession than his father in 1994. Barehanded and bareheaded, he walked with the hearse, right hand held up in a salute, left hand at times resting on the vehicle.

For many in Pyongyang, it was their first chance to see the new leader in person.

___

THE INSPECTIONS

Kim Jong Un wasted no time in wading into the public eye. His first inspection visit without his father was a well-documented New Year's Day trip to a tank unit with symbolic ties to his family and his nation's history.

He laughed and clapped during his visit with the Seoul Ryu Kyong Su tank division, and even pulled officers close to give them a word of advice. He got busy inspecting bunks and testing the water faucets.

The division was the first North Korean unit to march into Seoul during the early days of the Korean War in 1950, and was a favorite unit of Kim Jong Il's. The visit sent a pointed message about Kim Jong Un's intention to uphold his father's "military first" policy, and gave North Koreans a glimpse of his style.

The photos and documentary footage were sent within two days of the visit ? notably quick turnaround for state media, which in the last years of Kim Jong Il's life typically provided only still images of the aging leader.

Ahn said it seemed odd to him that state media would show Kim Jong Un's easy laughter with the troops just two weeks after his father's death.

"It is a sign of the urgency the North feels in trying to put behind the Kim Jong Il leadership," he said.

___

THE PROPAGANDA

New banners and posters in Pyongyang urge the people to "follow the leadership of respected Comrade Kim Jong Un" and "devotedly defend" Kim Jong Un.

Kim Jong Un also made his debut on a postage stamp: a 70-won stamp, equivalent to 50 U.S. cents at official exchange rates, depicts a smiling Kim Jong Un with his father, both clad in the same light gray parka.

His official portrait has not been made public yet, and it remains to be seen whether it will hang next to those of his father and grandfather in every building in North Korea.

Reports in South Korean media say Pyongyang's premier Mansudae Art Studio created a Jong Un portrait in 2010; it could be revealed as early as his birthday Sunday, predicted Cheong Seong-chang, a senior fellow at the Sejong Institute in South Korea.

North Koreans also show their loyalty by wearing pins of the Kims. But even today, most still wear Kim Il Sung's visage pinned to their shirts, not Kim Jong Il's.

___

THE NICKNAMES

Kim Jong Un became known in North Korea as the "Young General" beginning in September 2010, when state media announced that he had been made a four-star general. He became "Respected General" or "Illustrious General" last year in signs that offered blessings to him, his father and grandfather.

The day Kim Jong Il's death was announced, state media referred to the son with a new, telling nickname: "Great Successor."

"Supreme commander" of the military; "supreme leader" of the people, party and army; "great leader": the nicknames began to echo those of his grandfather and father. The most affectionate remains "dear comrade" or "dear respected comrade."

Kim Il Sung ruled as president, and remains North Korea's "eternal president" long after his death.

Kim Jong Il ruled as chairman of the National Defense Commission, a position that under the constitution gave him authority as "supreme leader" of North Korea.

It remains to be seen which title will give Kim Jong Un authority as supreme leader under the constitution.

___

THE IDEOLOGY

Kim Jong Il's "military first" policy may serve as North Korea's main ideology for now under Kim Jong Un, but a new ideology will likely emerge, intended to prove to the people that he can raise their standard of living.

Analysts said the goal is to link Kim Jong Un more closely to the early, nation-building years of Kim Il Sung's rule rather than the economic hardship and famine of Kim Jong Il's era.

In the 1960s and 1970s, North Korea rebuilt quickly from the ashes of the Korean War with Soviet help, and its economy was stronger than that of rival South Korea. But natural disasters and outdated agricultural practices, compounded by the loss of Soviet aid, triggered a famine that killed hundreds of thousands of North Koreans in the mid- to late-1990s. Chronic food shortages persist.

"I expect North Korea to come up with more practical ideas that can help feed the people and strengthen the image of Kim Jong Un as someone who's capable of that," said Koh Yu-hwan, a professor of North Korean studies at Dongguk University in Seoul.

Koh added that Kim "has to demonstrate that he is a capable leader from now on."

___

AP's Park Il-hwan also contributed to this report. Follow Jean H. Lee at twitter.com/newsjean and Sam Kim at twitter.com/samkim_ap.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/un/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120107/ap_on_re_as/as_nkorea_kim_jong_un

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Monday, January 9, 2012

China's Zheng Jie wins Auckland title

updated 10:03 p.m. ET Jan. 7, 2012

AUCKLAND, New Zealand - Unseeded Zheng Jie won the ASB Classic for her fourth career singles title and first since 2006 when Flavia Pennetta retired because of a back injury in the third set Sunday.

The 28-year-old Chinese player was leading 2-6, 6-3, 2-0 when the fourth-seeded Pennetta, who required courtside treatment for the injury, indicated she was unable to continue.

The final was played indoors after it was postponed Saturday because of rain.

Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Sunday, January 8, 2012

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End of decades of Nigeria cheap gas fuels unrest

People protest over fuel prices in Abeokuta , Nigeria, Thursday, Jan. 5, 2012. Police fired tear gas to break up a sleep-in protest at a traffic roundabout in northern Nigeria early Thursday, as tensions mounted over spiraling gasoline prices in this oil-rich nation.(AP Photo/Sunday Alamba)

People protest over fuel prices in Abeokuta , Nigeria, Thursday, Jan. 5, 2012. Police fired tear gas to break up a sleep-in protest at a traffic roundabout in northern Nigeria early Thursday, as tensions mounted over spiraling gasoline prices in this oil-rich nation.(AP Photo/Sunday Alamba)

(AP) ? For decades, Nigerians have expected low gasoline prices, one of the few perks seen by residents of an oil-rich nation where corruption siphons billions. Now, that long-cherished benefit has ended, more than doubling prices and fueling a planned nationwide strike by angry labor unions.

The strike scheduled for Monday already bears echoes to a similar nationwide strike in 2003 that saw the country almost entirely shut down by angry laborers and residents. And while analysts say that removing the subsidy will free up $8 billion a year that is needed to help the country, they warn that the way it was carried out only alienates those living in a nation of more than 160 million people where only the wealthy elite benefit from its oil riches.

"The government does not have credibility," said Adeola Adenikinju, an economics professor at the University of Ibadan who has long supported ending the fuel subsidy. "I think the issue is that Nigerians don't trust government."

Gas prices have risen from $1.70 per gallon (45 cents per liter) to at least $3.50 per gallon (94 cents per liter) since the subsidy ended last Sunday at the order of President Goodluck Jonathan. That also spurred a spike in prices for food and transportation across a nation where most people live on less than $2 a day.

In response, two major unions have called for a strike Monday. While an industrial court has issued an order trying to stop the strike, the Nigerian Labor Congress already has said it will send its members out into the streets no matter what ? mirroring a July 2003 strike where it ignored a court order as well.

That eight-day strike saw work in the country halted as labor activists and others attacked shops that remained open and took over the air traffic control towers at Lagos' international airport. Police fought with activists and local gang members swept up into violence, firing tear gas and shooting others dead.

More troubling for the U.S., which relies on Nigeria for its own fuel supplies, oil workers began walking off the job, stalling production. Nigeria, an OPEC member nation, now produces about 2.4 million barrels of crude oil a day.

Ultimately, the strike ended when the government agreed to bring prices down with subsidies. However, Jonathan and other government officials now say they won't back down from their decision, warning Nigeria will collapse under the weight of the ballooning costs of the subsidies.

Acknowledging the anger, Jonathan made a nationwide televised address Saturday night on the state-run Nigerian Television Authority promising some austerity cuts on travel and salaries in the executive branch, as well as new jobs.

"Let me seize this opportunity to assure all Nigerians that I feel the pain that you all feel," Jonathan said. He later added: "Whatever pain you may feel at the moment will be temporary."

The labor unions that called the strike later dismissed Jonathan's offer of cuts, saying the country "cannot afford the high fuel prices and will not accept the hyper-inflation this misguided policy has created."

Providing cheap gas wasn't that expensive back in 1973, when military ruler Gen. Yakubu "Jack" Gowon first brought uniform fuel prices to the country. Nigeria still had refineries able to keep up with demand, with the state-run oil company sending crude directly from the oil fields to be produced into gasoline, Adenikinju said.

But by 2000, Nigeria's refineries had fallen apart due to corruption and mismanagement, unable to keep up with demand from the fast-growing population, the professor said. The country, newly a democracy under President Olusegun Obasanjo, began paying companies large subsidies to import fuel to sell at a set rate far under the free market value.

Those companies, often politically connected, made huge sums of money. Meanwhile, black marketeers illegally ran the cheap fuel out of Nigeria to surrounding countries where gasoline sells for much higher prices.

But while many Nigerians recognize the trouble with the subsidy, they remain highly suspicious of the nation's kleptocratic government.

"The sudden doubling (or more) of fuel prices on Jan. 1, with little advance warning or clearly announced palliative measures undertaken by the Jonathan administration, was a recipe for a popular backlash," wrote analyst Philippe de Pontet of the Eurasia Group.

For now, it appears that the strike will proceed Monday, though rumors persist about ongoing negotiations between the government and labor leaders. Other activists have begun a loose-knit group of protests called "Occupy Nigeria," inspired by those near Wall Street in New York. Their anger extends beyond just the fuel subsidy to the government's weak response to ongoing violence in Nigeria by a radical Muslim sect that killed at least 510 people last year, according to an Associated Press count.

In all, Nigerians appear to be asking the government for clear, concrete signs it is working on their behalf after years in which people have lacked stable electric power and universal access to clean drinking water. Though the government has promised to put some of the $8 billion in savings from the subsidy toward improvement projects, they remain vague about the details.

"They are not measurable, they cannot be monitored," Adenikinju said. "Nigerians cannot see how those things will impact their lives in the short time."

___

Jon Gambrell can be reached at www.twitter.com/jongambrellAP.

Associated Press

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Saturday, January 7, 2012

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